任务2 仓储消防安全管理
Task Two Warehouse Fire Safety Management

任务导入 Lead-in

仓储王经理：李明，下周一开始，要开展为期一周的库内安全检查，及时发现分析和消除可能存在的各种安全隐患，你这边做好工作安排。

仓库主管李明：好的经理，安全检查工作已经布置，人员安排表检查任务表和记录单已准备好，并且结合上次安全检查出现的用电安全隐患，我们考虑这次检查工作进一步针对消防安全风险进行排查。

仓储王经理：检查中如发现问题一定及时安排相关部门和人员进行整改，定期检查，不可大意。

仓库主管李明：好的王经理。

Manager Wang of the Warehouse: Li Ming, we will carry out a week-long safety inspection in the warehouse from next Monday to discover, analyze and eliminate various potential safety hazards in a timely manner.

Supervisor Li Ming of the Warehouse: Okay, manager, the safety inspection has been arranged, the personnel arrangement table, the inspection task list and the record sheet have been prepared. Based on the potential electricity safety hazards that occurred in the last safety inspection, we will take into consideration the inspection to further investigate the fire safety risks.

Manager Wang of the Warehouse: If problems are found during the inspection, relevant departments and personnel must be arranged in time to rectify them, and we must be careful.

Supervisor Li Ming of the Warehouse: Okay, Manager Wang.

仓储企业集中储存着大量的流通商品和储备商品，火灾是对仓库安全的最大威胁和破坏，防范火灾的发生是仓储安全管理工作的重中之重。

Warehousing enterprises concentrate on the storage of a large number of circulating commodities and reserve commodities. Fire is the biggest threat and damage to warehouse safety, so the prevention of fire is the top priority of warehouse safety management.

仓储消防安全管理的主要内容 The Main Content of Warehouse Fire Safety Management

1.建立健全各工种的安全操作制度和安全操作规程。特别是各种用电设备的安全作业规程，经常进行消防安全教育，坚持做到职工考核合格持证上岗的制度。

2.定期开展防火灭火的消防安全检查，消除各种火灾隐患，落实各项消防措施，及时处理各类事故。

3.配备适量的消防设备和火灾报警装置。根据仓库的规模、性质、特点，配备一定数量的防火灭火设备及火灾报警器，按防火灭火的要求，分别布置在明显和便于使用的地点，并定期进行维护和保养，使之始终保持完好状态。

4.库存物资和设备的消防操作必须符合防火防爆要求，电气设备应始终符合规范的要求，明火作业须经安保部门批准，火警或爆炸立即报警。

1.Establish and improve the safety operation system and safety operation procedures for all types of work. In particular, the safety operation procedures of various electrical equipment, fire safety education is often carried out, and the system of passing the assessment of employees and holding certificates is adhered to.

2.Regularly carry out fire safety inspections for fire prevention and fire extinguishing, eliminate various fire hazards, implement various fire protection measures, and deal with all kinds of accidents in a timely manner.

3.Equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment and fire alarm devices. According to the scale, nature and characteristics of the warehouse, it is equipped with a certain number of fire prevention and fire extinguishing equipment and fire alarms, which are arranged in obvious and convenient locations according to the requirements of fire prevention and fire extinguishing, and are regularly maintained and maintained to keep them in good condition.

4.The fire protection operation of the inventory materials and equipment must meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention, the electrical equipment shall always meet the requirements of the specification, the open flame operation must be approved by the security department, and the fire alarm or explosion shall be reported immediately.

消防设施设备与管理 Fire-fighting Facilities, Equipment and Management

消防设施与器材

火灾自动报警系统

火灾自动报警系统是为了早期发现和通报火灾，并及时采取有效措施控制和扑灭火灾而设置在仓库中或其他场所内的一种自动消防设施，是现代仓库消防不可缺少的安全技术设施之一。具体种类有感烟探测器、感温探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器等。

消防栓

消防栓是消防供水的重要设备，它分为室内消防栓及室外消防栓两种。室内消防栓是建筑物内的一种固定消防供水设备，它主要包括消防栓、消防栓箱及消防软管卷盘。室外消防栓与城镇自来水管网相连接，它既可供消防车取水，又可连接水带、水枪直接出水灭火。

Fire-fighting facilities and equipment

Automatic fire alarm system

The automatic fire alarm system is an automatic fire-fighting facility set up in the warehouse or other places in order to detect and report the fire as early as possible, and take effective measures to control and extinguish the fire in time, which is one of the indispensable safety technical facilities for fire protection in modern warehouses. The specific types include smoke detectors, temperature detectors, flame detectors, combustible gas detectors, etc.

Fire hydrants

Fire hydrant is an important equipment for fire water supply, which is divided into two types: indoor fire hydrant and outdoor fire hydrant. Indoor fire hydrant is a kind of fixed fire water supply equipment in the building, which mainly includes fire hydrant, fire hydrant box and fire hose reel. The outdoor fire hydrant is connected to the town's water pipe network, which can not only be used by fire trucks to draw water, but also connected to water hoses and water guns to directly extinguish fires.

灭火器

① 干粉灭火器

干粉灭火器的作用表现在:一是消除燃烧物产生的活性游离子，使燃烧的连锁反应中断；二是干粉遇到高温分解时吸收大量的热，并放出蒸气和二氧化碳，达到冷却和稀释燃烧区空气中氧的作用。

灭火范围：适用于扑救各种易燃、可燃液体和易燃、可燃气体火灾及电气设备火灾。

注意事项：灭火器要放在好取、干燥、通风处。每年要检查两次干粉是否结块，如有结块要及时更换。

Fire extinguisher

① Dry powder fire extinguisher

The functions of dry powder fire extinguishers are as follows: first, to eliminate the active free ions produced by combustibles, so that the chain reaction of combustion is interrupted; Second, when the dry powder encounters high temperature decomposition, it absorbs a large amount of heat and releases vapor and carbon dioxide to cool and dilute the oxygen in the air in the combustion zone.

Fire extinguishing scope: It is suitable for extinguishing all kinds of flammable, combustible liquid and flammable and combustible gas fires and electrical equipment fires.

Precautions: The fire extinguisher should be placed in a good place, dry and ventilated place. Check whether the dry powder is agglomerated twice a year, and replace it in time if there is a clumping.

② 二氧化碳灭火器

二氧化碳灭火器的灭火作用表现在：当燃烧区二氧化碳在空气的含量达到30%-50%时，能使燃烧熄灭，主要起窒息作用，同时二氧化碳在喷射灭火过程中吸收一定的热能，也就有一定的冷却作用。

灭火范围：用于各种易燃、可燃液体、可燃气体火灾，还可扑救仪器仪表、图书档案、工艺器和低压设备等的初起火灾。

注意事项：手指不宜接触喇叭筒，以免冻伤。对二氧化碳灭火器要定期检查，应及时充气和更换。

② Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

The fire extinguishing effect of carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is manifested in: when the content of carbon dioxide in the air in the combustion area reaches 30%-50%, it can extinguish the combustion, which mainly plays a suffocating role, and at the same time, carbon dioxide absorbs a certain amount of heat energy in the process of spraying fire extinguishing, and it also has a certain cooling effect.

Fire extinguishing scope: It is used for all kinds of flammable, combustible liquid and combustible gas fires, and can also extinguish the initial fire of instruments, books and archives, craftsmen and low-pressure equipment.

Precautions: Fingers should not touch the horn barrel to avoid frostbite. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be inspected regularly, and should be inflated and replaced in time.

消防设施设备管理

（1）仓储场所设置的消防通道、安全出口、消防车通道，应设置明显标志并保持通畅，不应堆放物品或设置障碍物。

（2）仓储场所应设置明显标志划定各类消防设施所在区域，并布置消防设备和器材。消防设备包括：水塔、水泵、水池、消防供水管道、消防栓、消防车、消防泵等。消防器材包括：各类灭火器、砂箱、水桶、消防斧、钩、铣等。

（3）消防器材设备附近，严禁堆放其他物品。仓库应当装设消防通信、信号报警设备。

（4）消防器材设备应当有专人负责管理，定期检查维修，保持完整好用。寒冷季节要对消防储水池、消火栓、灭火器等消防设备采取防冻措施。

Management of fire-fighting facilities and equipment

（1） The fire passages, safety exits, and fire truck passages set up in the storage place should be clearly marked and kept unobstructed, and items should not be stacked or obstacles should be set up.

（2）The storage site should be set up with obvious signs to delineate the area where all kinds of fire-fighting facilities are located, and arrange fire-fighting equipment and equipment. Fire fighting equipment includes: water towers, pumps, pools, fire water supply pipelines, fire hydrants, fire trucks, fire pumps, etc. Fire-fighting equipment includes: all kinds of fire extinguishers, sand boxes, buckets, fire axes, hooks, milling, etc.

（3）It is strictly forbidden to stack other items near fire-fighting equipment and equipment. The warehouse shall be equipped with fire communication and signal alarm equipment.

（4）Fire-fighting equipment should be managed by a special person, regularly inspected and maintained, and kept intact and easy to use. In the cold season, anti-freezing measures should be taken for fire-fighting equipment such as fire storage tanks, fire hydrants, and fire extinguishers.

仓储过程中的常见火险隐患 Common Fire Hazards in the Storage Process

电器设备方面

（1）电焊、气焊违章作业，没有消防措施。

（2）电力超负荷。

（3）使用不符合规格的保险丝和电线。

（4）电线陈旧，绝缘破裂。

Electrical equipment

(1) Electric welding and gas welding are operated in violation of regulations, and there are no fire protection measures.

(2) Power overload.

(3) Use fuses and wires that do not meet specifications.

(4) The wire is old and the insulation is broken.

储存方面

（1）不执行分区储存，易燃易爆等危险物品存入一般库房。

（2）库区内的等距不符合要求。

（3）易燃液挥发渗漏。

（4）可自燃物品堆码过实，通风、散热、防潮不好。

Storage

(1) Do not implement partition storage, flammable and explosive and other dangerous goods are stored in the general warehouse.

(2) The equidistance in the reservoir area does not meet the requirements.

(3) Volatilization and leakage of flammable liquid.

(4) The stacking of spontaneously combustible items is too solid, and the ventilation, heat dissipation, and moisture proof are not good.

机具方面

（1）使用易产生火花的工具。

（2）库内停放、修理汽车。

（3）用汽油擦洗零部件。

（4）叉车内部皮线破露、油管老化漏油。

Machinery

(1) Use tools that are prone to sparks.

(2) Parking and repairing cars in the garage.

(3) Scrub parts with gasoline.

(4) The internal leather line of the forklift is exposed, and the oil pipe is aging and leaking.

火种管理方面

（1）外来火种和易燃品因检查不严带入库区。

（2）在库区内抽烟。

（3）库区擅自使用明火。

（4）炉火设置不当或管理不当。

（5）易燃物未及时清理。

Tinder management

(1) Alien fires and flammable products are brought into the storage area due to lax inspection.

(2) Smoking in the reservoir area.

(3) Unauthorized use of open flames in the reservoir area.

(4) Improper setting or management of the furnace fire.

(5) Flammable materials are not cleaned up in time.

灭火的基本方法 The Basic Method of Extinguishing Fire

仓库管理人员应该学会在火灾发生时，采用正确的应对方法，控制灾情或扑灭火灾，避免损失的扩大。

Warehouse managers should learn to adopt the correct response methods in the event of a fire, control the disaster or extinguish the fire, and avoid the expansion of losses.

及时报警

仓库管理人员发现火灾后，应立即向消防部门报警。如果延误了报警时间，就会耽误灭火时机，造成更大的损失。在打电话报警时，仓库管理人员应该做到以下五点：

（1）火警电话打通后，应首先讲清楚着火仓库的具体位置。

（2）说明仓库内存放的物品类型、起火物品及燃烧情况。

（3）说明仓库的大体构造，是平房还是楼房。

（4）讲清自己的姓名、所在单位和电话号码。

（5）报警后，派专人在路口等候消防车的到来，指引消防车去火场的道路，以便迅速准确的到达起火地点。

Promptly report to the police

When the warehouse management personnel discover the fire, they should immediately report it to the fire department. If the alarm time is delayed, the fire extinguishing time will be delayed, causing greater losses. When calling the police, warehouse managers should:

（1）After the fire alarm phone is connected, the specific location of the burning warehouse should be explained first.

（2）Explain the type of items stored in the warehouse, the items that caught fire and the situation of combustion.

（3）Explain the general structure of the warehouse, whether it is a bungalow or a building.

（4）Clarify your name, affiliation, and phone number.

（5）After calling the police, send a special person to wait for the arrival of the fire truck at the intersection and guide the fire truck to the road to the fire scene, so as to quickly and accurately reach the fire location.

使用灭火器

在发生火灾时，使用灭火器材及时扑救初期火灾，是避免火灾蔓延、减少损失的有力措施。因此，仓储管理人员还要掌握常见灭火器种类的正确用法。

干粉灭火器、二氧化碳一般由一人操作，使用时将灭火器迅速提到火场，在距起火点5米处，放下灭火器，先撕掉安全铅封，拔掉保险销，然后右手紧握压把，左手握住喷射软管前端的喷嘴（没有喷射软管的，左手可扶住灭火器底圈）对准燃烧处喷射（图4.2.1）。

Use fire extinguishers

In the event of a fire, the use of fire extinguishing equipment to extinguish the initial fire in time is an effective measure to avoid the spread of the fire and reduce losses. Therefore, warehouse managers also need to master the correct use of common types of fire extinguishers.

Dry powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide are generally operated by one person, and the fire extinguisher is quickly brought to the fire scene when used, and the fire extinguisher is put down at a distance of 5 meters from the fire point, first tearing off the safety seal, pulling out the safety pin, and then holding the pressure handle with the right hand, and holding the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose with the left hand (if there is no spray hose, the left hand can hold the bottom ring of the fire extinguisher) and spraying at the burning place (Figure 4.2.1).

专业核心词汇 Vocabulary

火灾自动报警系统 automatic fire alarm system

消防栓 fire hydrant

消防栓箱 fire hydrant box

消防软管卷盘 fire hose reel

干粉灭火器 dry chemical fire extinguisher

二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

学习拓展 Further Reading

危险化学品发生火灾扑救方法

危险化学品性质不尽相同，扑救时对灭火剂的选择性很强。这类物质发生火灾后，首先弄清着火物质的性质，然后选用适合扑救该类物品的灭火剂，正确地实施扑救。

1.扑救可燃和助燃气体火灾时，要先关闭管道阀门，用水冷却其容器、管道，用干粉、砂土扑灭火焰。

2.扑救易燃和可燃液体火灾，用泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳扑灭火焰，同时用水冷却容器四周，防止容器膨胀爆炸。但酸、醚、酮等溶于水的易燃液体火灾，应该用抗溶性泡沫扑救。

3.扑救易燃和可燃固体火灾，可用泡沫、干粉、砂土、二氧化碳或雾状水。

4.扑救自燃性物质火灾，可用水、干粉、砂土、二氧化碳。

5.扑救遇水燃烧物质火灾，可用干粉、干砂土。

6.扑救氧化剂类的火灾，可用干粉、水、二氧化碳。

Methods for Fighting Fires in the Event of the Fire with Hazardous Chemicals

Hazardous chemicals have different properties, and they are highly selective for extinguishing agents. In the event of a fire with such substances, the nature of the ignited substances should be clarified first, and then the fire extinguishing agent suitable for extinguishing such substances should be selected to extinguish the fires and the fires should be carried out correctly.

1.When extinguishing combustible and combustible gas fires, close the pipeline valves first, cool the containers and pipelines with water, and extinguish the flames with dry powder and sand.

2.Extinguish flammable and combustible liquid fires, extinguish the flames with foam, dry powder and carbon dioxide, and cool the container with water to prevent the container from expanding and exploding. However, fires with flammable liquids dissolved in water, such as acids, ethers, and ketones, should be extinguished with anti-soluble foam.

3.To extinguish flammable and combustible solid fires, foam, dry powder, sand, carbon dioxide or mist water can be used.

4.To extinguish the fire of spontaneously combustible substances, water, dry powder, sand and carbon dioxide can be used.

5.To extinguish the fire of burning substances in water, dry powder and dry sand can be used.

6.To extinguish oxidant fires, dry powder, water and carbon dioxide can be used.

知识巩固 Consolidation

填空题

请根据图片展示的动作，依次在图片下方横线处写出灭火器使用的具体步骤。
答案：
1.提起灭火器
2.拔下保险销
3.用力压下手柄
4.对准火源根部扫射

选择题

1.在扑救仪器仪表图书档案工艺器和低压设备等的初起火灾时，可以选用（   ）。
A.干粉灭火器
B.二氧化碳灭火器
C.清水灭火器
答案：B

2.常见火险隐患有（   ）
A.电力超负荷
B.电线陈旧绝缘破裂
C.易燃液挥发渗漏
D.易燃物未及时清理
答案：ABCD

判断题

1.室内消防栓与城镇自来水管网相连接，它既可供消防车取水，又可连接水带水枪直接出水灭火。（   ）
答案：×

2.消防器材设备附近，严禁堆放其他物品。仓库应当装设消防通信信号报警设备。（   ）
答案：√

3.消防器材设备应当有专人负责管理，定期检查维修，保持完整好用。寒冷季节要对消防储水池消火栓灭火机等消防设备采取防冻措施。（   ）
答案：√

技能训练

训练任务 仓库安全消防训练

【训练目标】

1.能概述仓储消防安全管理的主要内容。

2.能够发现火险隐患。

3.会使用常见的消防器材灭火。

【训练内容】

1.以小组为单位，将本专业实训室或物资存放室区域进行划分，分别由每组学生对指定区域进行消防专项检查，并形成文字报告。

2.选择消防专业实训室或室外空旷场地，组织安排学生以小组为单位进行仓库安全消防演练。

【训练步骤】

1.根据班级人数将学生分成若干小组，每组34人为宜。

2.各组讨论并梳理实训室物资存放室等区域火险隐患，以报告形式（需配图）提交。

3.各组在教室内交流展示本组讨论与提交的报告成果。

4.教师在实训区域演示消防器材的使用操作。

5.每组进行实操演练，教师进行现场指导。

【考核评价】

微课

仓库消防管理

课件

仓储作业消防管理双语版课件

任务小结

本节课学习任务要点梳理如表4.2.2所示：